As temperatures drop, workers face serious risks from cold stress, frostbite, trench foot, and slips & falls. Employers must take steps to prevent illnesses, injuries, and fatalities caused by extreme cold conditions.
Recognizing Cold Stress Symptoms
Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures and wind chill can cause cold stress, leading to serious health conditions. Workers in construction, agriculture, outdoor services, and freezer environments are especially at risk.
🚨 Hypothermia – Occurs when the body temperature drops below 95°F.
🔹 Early signs: Shivering, fatigue, confusion.
🔹 Severe symptoms: No shivering, slurred speech, slow breathing, loss of consciousness.
🚨 Frostbite – Body tissues freeze, affecting fingers, toes, ears, and nose.
🔹 Symptoms: Numbness, hard or blistered skin, pale or grayish areas.
🔹 Severe cases may require amputation.
🚨 Trench Foot – A non-freezing injury caused by prolonged exposure to wet, cold environments.
🔹 Symptoms: Redness, swelling, numbness, blisters.
🔹 Can occur even at temperatures as high as 60°F if feet remain wet.
Preventing Cold-Related Illnesses & Injuries
Both workers and employers play a role in preventing cold stress. Here’s how to stay safe:
✅ Wear Proper Clothing: Dress in moisture-wicking base layers, insulated mid-layers, and waterproof outer layers.
✅ Keep Extremities Covered: Wear gloves, hats, and insulated, water-resistant boots.
✅ Stay Dry: Wet clothing increases heat loss—change damp clothes immediately.
✅ Take Warm-Up Breaks: Schedule frequent breaks in heated areas.
✅ Monitor for Symptoms: Employers should train workers on cold stress and monitor for signs of illness.
✅ Use Engineering Controls: Radiant heaters, wind barriers, and insulated workspaces help reduce risks.
Preventing Slips, Trips & Falls in Winter
Icy and snowy conditions increase fall hazards in the workplace. Reduce the risk with these steps:
⚠️ Clear ice & snow from walkways and work areas as quickly as possible.
⚠️ Use deicers to prevent re-freezing.
⚠️ Wear slip-resistant footwear with good traction.
⚠️ Walk cautiously – take short, slow steps to maintain balance.
⚠️ Use handrails when walking on stairs or uneven surfaces.
Employer Responsibilities in Cold Weather
Employers must take proactive measures to protect workers from extreme cold. This includes:
✔️ Providing training on cold stress hazards and emergency response.
✔️ Supplying PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) like insulated gloves and waterproof gear.
✔️ Ensuring access to heated break areas.
✔️ Creating work schedules that allow for warm-up breaks.
✔️ Implementing safe work practices like using fall protection when removing snow from rooftops.
Stay Warm, Stay Safe, Stay Prepared!
Cold weather hazards shouldn’t be underestimated. By recognizing the risks and following prevention strategies, workers can stay safe and healthy throughout winter.
For more information on cold weather safety and workplace protections, visit https://www.osha.gov/winter-weather.
